# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics

##### Examples
 Geometry Search for the term Geometry in any field. Queries are case-independent. Funct* Wildcard queries are specified by * (e.g. functions, functorial, etc.). Otherwise the search is exact. "Topological group" Phrases (multi-words) should be set in "straight quotation marks". au: Bourbaki & ti: Algebra Search for author and title. The and-operator & is default and can be omitted. Chebyshev | Tschebyscheff The or-operator | allows to search for Chebyshev or Tschebyscheff. "Quasi* map*" py: 1989 The resulting documents have publication year 1989. so: Eur* J* Mat* Soc* cc: 14 Search for publications in a particular source with a Mathematics Subject Classification code (cc) in 14. "Partial diff* eq*" ! elliptic The not-operator ! eliminates all results containing the word elliptic. dt: b & au: Hilbert The document type is set to books; alternatively: j for journal articles, a for book articles. py: 2000-2015 cc: (94A | 11T) Number ranges are accepted. Terms can be grouped within (parentheses). la: chinese Find documents in a given language. ISO 639-1 language codes can also be used.

##### Operators
 a & b logic and a | b logic or !ab logic not abc* right wildcard "ab c" phrase (ab c) parentheses
##### Fields
 any anywhere an internal document identifier au author, editor ai internal author identifier ti title la language so source ab review, abstract py publication year rv reviewer cc MSC code ut uncontrolled term dt document type (j: journal article; b: book; a: book article)
Global well-posedness below energy space for the 1-dimensional Zakharov system. (English) Zbl 1004.35108

The author proves global existence of solutions to the initial value problem for the Zakharov system in one spatial dimension, which reads as

$i{u}_{t}+{u}_{xx}=nu,\phantom{\rule{1.em}{0ex}}{n}_{tt}-{n}_{xx}={\left(|u|}^{2}{\right)}_{xx},\phantom{\rule{1.em}{0ex}}u\left(0\right)={u}_{0},\phantom{\rule{1.em}{0ex}}n\left(0\right)={n}_{0},\phantom{\rule{1.em}{0ex}}{n}_{t}\left(0\right)={n}_{1}·$

The main novelty of the paper is that initial data ${u}_{0}\in {H}^{s,2}\left(ℝ\right)$, ${n}_{0}\in {L}^{2}\left(ℝ\right)$, and ${n}_{1}\in {\stackrel{˙}{H}}^{-1,2}\left(ℝ\right)$ are allowed with $\frac{9}{10}. This makes it impossible in the argument to use directly conservation of the energy

$E\left(t\right)=\parallel {u}_{x}{\left(t\right)\parallel }_{{L}^{2}}^{2}+\frac{1}{2}{\left(\parallel n\left(t\right)\parallel }_{{L}^{2}}^{2}+{\parallel V\left(t\right)\parallel }_{{L}^{2}}^{2}{\right)+\int n\left(t\right)|u\left(t\right)|}^{2}dx,$

where ${V}_{x}=-{n}_{t}$, since this would require solutions (and hence initial data) such that $u\left(t\right)\in {H}^{1,2}\left(ℝ\right)$ for all $t$. A general approach on how to lower the regularity assumptions on the initial data below the natural energy norm of an equation was introduced by Bourgain in the context of the critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two space dimensions [see J. Bourgain, ibid. 1998, 253-283 (1998; Zbl 0917.35126)].

The main idea is to split the initial data into a low-frequency part which is as regular as desired and a remaining high-frequency part which is small. Then the solution evolving from the low-frequency part is studied, and for this conservation of energy can be utilized to get good bounds. Finally the solution of the original problem is considered to be a small perturbation of the low-frequency solution part. It turns out that bounds from one time interval $\left[0,{T}_{1}\right]$ to the next time interval $\left[{T}_{1},2{T}_{1}\right]$, etc. can be bootstrapped provided that ${T}_{1}$, the frequency cut-off, and the degree of regularity $s$ are carefully adjusted.

The main technical tools developed in the paper are new estimates on the nonlinearities in function spaces which are adapted to the dispersive character of the system. The paper is well written and contains full details.

##### MSC:
 35Q55 NLS-like (nonlinear Schrödinger) equations 35A05 General existence and uniqueness theorems (PDE) (MSC2000)