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Matrices of positive polynomials. (English) Zbl 1195.37010

Author’s abstract: Associated to a square matrix all of whose entries are real Laurent polynomials in several variables with no negative coefficients is an ordered “dimension” module introduced by Tuncel, with additional structure, which acts as an invariant for topological Markov chains, and is also an invariant for actions of tori on AF \(C^*\)-algebras. In describing this invariant, we are led naturally to eventually positivity questions, which in turn lead to descriptions of the Poisson boundaries (of random walks affiliated with these processes). There is an interplay between the algebraic, dynamical, and probabilistic aspects, for example, if the (suitably defined) endomorphism ring of the dimension module is Noetherian, then the boundary is more easily described, the asymptotic behaviour of powers of the matrix is tractible, and the order-theoretic aspects of the dimension module are less difficult to deal with than in general. We also show that under relatively modest conditions, the largest eigenvalue function is a complete invariant for finite equivalence (early results of Marcus and Tuncel showed that it is not a complete invariant in general, but is so if the large eigenvalue is a polynomial).

MSC:

37B10 Symbolic dynamics
46B40 Ordered normed spaces
46L80 \(K\)-theory and operator algebras (including cyclic theory)
32A38 Algebras of holomorphic functions of several complex variables
60J05 Discrete-time Markov processes on general state spaces
16W80 Topological and ordered rings and modules
19K14 \(K_0\) as an ordered group, traces
15A54 Matrices over function rings in one or more variables
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