×

The effects of gurney flap on the aerodynamic performance of NACA 0012 airfoil in the rarefied gas flow. (English) Zbl 1410.76138

Summary: In this research, the rarefied gas flow around the NACA 0012 airfoil with attached Gurney flap at Mach number 2 and three different Knudsen numbers (0.026, 0.1 and 0.26) are studied, numerically. The effects of angle of attack and Gurney flap height on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil are investigated. At \(\text{Kn} = 0.026\) the flow is simulated using Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions and DSMC method. In two other Kn numbers only the DSMC method is applied. For the clean airfoil, the calculated lift and drag coefficients and surface pressure distribution are compared with previous studies including experimental and numerical results. This validation reveals that in the case of a clean airfoil, there is a good agreement between results of this study and those presented in the literature. Furthermore, the effects of Gurney flap height on the lift and drag coefficients at different Knudsen numbers and angles of attack are studied. The results shows that for angles of attack smaller than \(30^\circ\), the Gurney flap can improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil. But, for angles of attack larger than \(30^\circ\), the Gurney flap does not have a destructive effect on the aerodynamic characteristics.

MSC:

76K05 Hypersonic flows
76P05 Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics

Software:

pdFOAM
PDFBibTeX XMLCite
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] Chambré, PL; Schaaf, SA, Flow of rarefied gases, (1961), Princeton University Press · Zbl 0123.41902
[2] Zhang, W-M; Meng, G; Wei, X, A review on slip models for gas microflows, Microfluid Nanofluid, 13, 845-882, (2012)
[3] Gad-el-Hak, M, The fluid mechanics of microdevices-the freeman scholar lecture, Trans Am Soc Mech Eng J FLUIDS Eng, 121, 5-33, (1999)
[4] Ho, C-M; Tai, Y-C, Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and fluid flows, Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 30, 579-612, (1998)
[5] Bird, GA, Molecular gas dynamics, 76, (1976), NASA STI/Recon Technical Report A
[6] Lilley, CR; Sader, JE, Velocity profile in the Knudsen layer according to the Boltzmann equation, Proc R Soc London A, 2015-2035, (2008) · Zbl 1145.76353
[7] Amini, Y; Emdad, H; Akramian, K; Bordbar, F, Investigation of the common nose cone shapes in different gas mixtures in high Knudsen numbers, Sci Iranica, 19, 1511-1518, (2012)
[8] Fan, J; Boyd, ID; Cai, C-P; Hennighausen, K; Candler, GV, Computation of rarefied gas flows around a NACA 0012 airfoil, AIAA J, 39, 618-625, (2001)
[9] Shoja-Sani, A; Roohi, E; Kahrom, M; Stefanov, S, Investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of rarefied flow around NACA 0012 airfoil using DSMC and NS solvers, Eur J Mech B/Fluids, 48, 59-74, (2014) · Zbl 1408.76346
[10] Le, NT; Shoja-Sani, A; Roohi, E, Rarefied gas flow simulations of NACA 0012 airfoil and sharp 25-55-deg biconic subject to high order nonequilibrium boundary conditions in CFD, Aerosp Sci Technol, 41, 274-288, (2015)
[11] Allegre, J; Raffin, M; Lengrand, J, Experimental flowfields around NACA 0012 airfoils located in subsonic and supersonic rarefied air streams, Numerical simulation of compressible navier-stokes flows, 59-68, (1987), Springer
[12] Allegre, J; Raffin, M; Gottesdiener, L, Slip effects on supersonic flowfields around NACA 0012 airfoils, (International Symposium on rarefied gas dynamics, 15th, Grado, Italy, (1986)), 548-557
[13] Mohammadzadeh, A; Rana, A; Struchtrup, H, DSMC and R13 modeling of the adiabatic surface, Int J Therm Sci, 101, 9-23, (2016)
[14] Jambunathan, R; Levin, DA, Advanced parallelization strategies using hybrid MPI-CUDA octree DSMC method for modeling flow through porous media, Comput Fluids, 149, 70-87, (2017) · Zbl 1390.76675
[15] Jun, E; Boyd, ID, Assessment of the LD-DSMC hybrid method for hypersonic rarefied flow, Comput Fluids, 166, 123-138, (2018) · Zbl 1390.76810
[16] Capon, CJ; Brown, M; White, C; Scanlon, T; Boyce, RR, Pdfoam: A PIC-DSMC code for near-Earth plasma-body interactions, Comput Fluids, 149, 160-171, (2017) · Zbl 1390.76701
[17] Lee, KH, Multi-plume flow simulation of small bipropellant thrusters using parallel DSMC method, Comput Fluids, (2018) · Zbl 1410.76330
[18] Chandrasekhara, MS., Optimum gurney flap height determination for “lost-lift” recovery in compressible dynamic stall control, Aerosp Sci Technol, 14, 551-556, (2010)
[19] Maughmer, MD; Bramesfeld, G, Experimental investigation of gurney flaps, J Aircr, 45, 2062-2067, (2008)
[20] Liebeck, RH, Design of subsonic airfoils for high lift, J Aircr, 15, 547-561, (1978)
[21] Li, YC; Wang, JJ; Hua, J, Experimental investigations on the effects of divergent trailing edge and gurney flaps on a supercritical airfoil, Aerosp Sci Technol, 11, 91-99, (2007)
[22] Chandrasekhara, M; Martin, PB; Tung, C, Compressible dynamic stall performance of a variable droop leading edge airfoil with a gurney flap, J Am Helicopter Soc, 53, 18-25, (2008)
[23] Myung, R, A computational study of an oscillating VR-12 airfoil with a gurney flap, (22nd applied aerodynamics conference and exhibit: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (2004))
[24] Stefan, B; Ilan, K, Flutter suppression using micro-trailing edge effectors, (44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (2003))
[25] Hak-Tae, L; Ilan, K; Stefan, B, Flutter suppression for high aspect ratio flexible wings using microflaps, (43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (2002))
[26] Amini, Y; Emdad, H; Farid, M, Adjoint shape optimization of airfoils with attached gurney flap, Aerosp Sci Technol, 41, 216-228, (2015)
[27] Traub, LW; Chandrashekar, SM, Experimental study on the effects of wing sweep on gurney flap performance, Aerosp Sci Technol, 55, 57-63, (2016)
[28] Pastrikakis, VA; Steijl, R; Barakos, GN; Małecki, J, Computational aeroelastic analysis of a hovering W3 sokol blade with gurney flap, J Fluids Struct, 53, 96-111, (2015)
[29] Xie, YH; Jiang, W; Lu, K; Zhang, D, Numerical investigation into energy extraction of flapping airfoil with gurney flaps, Energy, 109, 694-702, (2016)
[30] Greenshields, CJ; Weller, HG; Gasparini, L; Reese, JM, Implementation of semi‐discrete, non‐staggered central schemes in a colocated, polyhedral, finite volume framework, for high‐speed viscous flows, Int J Numer Methods Fluids, 63, 1-21, (2010) · Zbl 1425.76163
[31] Kurganov, A; Tadmor, E, New high-resolution central schemes for nonlinear conservation laws and convection-diffusion equations, J Comput Phys, 160, 241-282, (2000) · Zbl 0987.65085
[32] Kurganov, A; Noelle, S; Petrova, G, Semidiscrete central-upwind schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws and Hamilton-Jacobi equations, SIAM J Sci Comput, 23, 707-740, (2001) · Zbl 0998.65091
[33] Bird, G, Molecular gas dynamics and the direct simulation monte carlo of gas flows, 508, 128, (1994), Oxford Clarendon
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.