Costa, Pedro; Brandt, Luca; Picano, Francesco Near-wall turbulence modulation by small inertial particles. (English) Zbl 1493.76109 J. Fluid Mech. 922, Paper No. A9, 13 p. (2021). Summary: We use interface-resolved simulations to study near-wall turbulence modulation by small inertial particles, much denser than the fluid, in dilute/semi-dilute conditions. We considered three bulk solid mass fractions, \(\varPsi=\) 0.34 %, 3.37 % and 33.7 %, with only the latter two showing turbulence modulation. The increase of the drag is strong at \(\varPsi =\) 3.37 %, but mild in the densest case. Two distinct regimes of turbulence modulation emerge: for smaller mass fractions, the turbulence statistics are weakly affected and the near-wall particle accumulation increases the drag so the flow appears as a single-phase flow at slightly higher Reynolds number. Conversely, at higher mass fractions, the particles modulate the turbulent dynamics over the entire flow, and the interphase coupling becomes more complex. In this case, fluid Reynolds stresses are attenuated, but the inertial particle dynamics near the wall increases the drag via correlated velocity fluctuations, leading to an overall drag increase. Hence, we conclude that, although particles at high mass fractions reduce the fluid turbulent drag, the solid phase inertial dynamics still increases the overall drag. However, inspection of the streamwise momentum budget in the two-way coupling limit of vanishing volume fraction, but finite mass fraction, indicates that this trend could reverse at even higher particle load. Cited in 5 Documents MSC: 76T20 Suspensions 76F10 Shear flows and turbulence 76M99 Basic methods in fluid mechanics 76-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for problems pertaining to fluid mechanics Keywords:particle-fluid flow; turbulent drag increase; turbulence statistics; near-wall particle accumulation; interface-resolved simulation Software:CaNS PDFBibTeX XMLCite \textit{P. Costa} et al., J. Fluid Mech. 922, Paper No. A9, 13 p. (2021; Zbl 1493.76109) Full Text: DOI arXiv References: [1] Balachandar, S. & Eaton, J.K.2010Turbulent dispersed multiphase flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.42, 111-133. · Zbl 1345.76106 [2] Battista, F., Mollicone, J.-P., Gualtieri, P., Messina, R. & Casciola, C.M.2019Exact regularised point particle (ERPP) method for particle-laden wall-bounded flows in the two-way coupling regime. J. Fluid Mech.878, 420-444. · Zbl 1430.76238 [3] Breugem, W.-P.2012A second-order accurate immersed boundary method for fully resolved simulations of particle-laden flows. J. Comput. Phys.231 (13), 4469-4498. · Zbl 1245.76064 [4] Capecelatro, J., Desjardins, O. & Fox, R.O.2018On the transition between turbulence regimes in particle-laden channel flows. J. Fluid Mech.845, 499-519. · Zbl 1404.76110 [5] Costa, P.2018A fft-based finite-difference solver for massively-parallel direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows. Comput. Maths Applics.76 (8), 1853-1862. · Zbl 1442.65156 [6] Costa, P., Boersma, B.J., Westerweel, J. & Breugem, W.-P.2015Collision model for fully resolved simulations of flows laden with finite-size particles. Phys. Rev. E92 (5), 053012. [7] Costa, P., Brandt, L. & Picano, F.2020Interface-resolved simulations of small inertial particles in turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech.883, A54. · Zbl 1430.76242 [8] Crowe, C.T., Sharma, M.P.T. & Stock, D.E.1977The particle-source-in cell (psi-cell) model for gas-droplet flows. Trans. ASME: J. Fluids Engng99 (2), 325-332. [9] Fornari, W., Formenti, A., Picano, F. & Brandt, L.2016The effect of particle density in turbulent channel flow laden with finite size particles in semi-dilute conditions. Phys. Fluids28 (3), 033301. [10] Fröhlich, K., Schneiders, L., Meinke, M. & Schröder, W.2018Validation of lagrangian two-way coupled point-particle models in large-eddy simulations. Flow Turbul. Combust.101 (2), 317-341. [11] Fukagata, K., Iwamoto, K. & Kasagi, N.2002Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows. Phys. Fluids14 (11), L73-L76. · Zbl 1185.76134 [12] Gualtieri, P., Picano, F., Sardina, G. & Casciola, C.M.2015Exact regularized point particle method for multiphase flows in the two-way coupling regime. J. Fluid Mech.773, 520-561. · Zbl 1331.76123 [13] Horne, W.J. & Mahesh, K.2019A massively-parallel, unstructured overset method to simulate moving bodies in turbulent flows. J. Comput. Phys.397, 108790. · Zbl 1453.76058 [14] Horwitz, J.A.K. & Mani, A.2016Accurate calculation of stokes drag for point-particle tracking in two-way coupled flows. J. Comput. Phys.318, 85-109. · Zbl 1349.76477 [15] Ireland, P.J. & Desjardins, O.2017Improving particle drag predictions in Euler-Lagrange simulations with two-way coupling. J. Comput. Phys.338, 405-430. · Zbl 1415.76498 [16] Kim, J. & Moin, P.1985Application of a fractional-step method to incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys.59 (2), 308-323. · Zbl 0582.76038 [17] Kuerten, J.G.M. & Vreman, A.W.2016Collision frequency and radial distribution function in particle-laden turbulent channel flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow87, 66-79. [18] Kulick, J.D., Fessler, J.R. & Eaton, J.K.1994Particle response and turbulence modification in fully developed channel flow. J. Fluid Mech.277, 109-134. [19] Marchioli, C. & Soldati, A.2002Mechanisms for particle transfer and segregation in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech.468, 283-315. · Zbl 1152.76401 [20] Mehrabadi, M., Horwitz, J.A.K., Subramaniam, S. & Mani, A.2018A direct comparison of particle-resolved and point-particle methods in decaying turbulence. J. Fluid Mech.850, 336-369. · Zbl 1415.76260 [21] Pakseresht, P., Esmaily, M. & Apte, S.V.2020A correction scheme for wall-bounded two-way coupled point-particle simulations. J. Comput. Phys.420, 109711. · Zbl 07506629 [22] Picano, F., Breugem, W.-P. & Brandt, L.2015Turbulent channel flow of dense suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres. J. Fluid Mech.764, 463-487. [23] Richter, D.H.2015Turbulence modification by inertial particles and its influence on the spectral energy budget in planar Couette flow. Phys. Fluids27 (6), 063304. [24] Rouson, D.W.I. & Eaton, J.K.2001On the preferential concentration of solid particles in turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech.428, 149-169. · Zbl 0967.76039 [25] Sardina, G., Schlatter, P., Brandt, L., Picano, F. & Casciola, C.M.2012Wall accumulation and spatial localization in particle-laden wall flows. J. Fluid Mech.699 (1), 50-78. · Zbl 1248.76142 [26] Schneiders, L., Meinke, M. & Schröder, W.2017Direct particle-fluid simulation of Kolmogorov-length-scale size particles in decaying isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech.819, 188-227. · Zbl 1383.76186 [27] Sundaram, S. & Collins, L.R.1997Collision statistics in an isotropic particle-laden turbulent suspension. Part 1. Direct numerical simulations. J. Fluid Mech.335, 75-109. · Zbl 0901.76089 [28] Tiederman, W.G., Luchik, T.S. & Bogard, D.G.1985Wall-layer structure and drag reduction. J. Fluid Mech.156, 419-437. [29] Uhlmann, M.2005An immersed boundary method with direct forcing for the simulation of particulate flows. J. Comput. Phys.209 (2), 448-476. · Zbl 1138.76398 [30] Vreman, A.W.2007Turbulence characteristics of particle-laden pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech.584, 235-279. · Zbl 1175.76070 [31] Wang, G., Fong, K.O., Coletti, F., Capecelatro, J. & Richter, D.H.2019Inertial particle velocity and distribution in vertical turbulent channel flow: a numerical and experimental comparison. Intl J. Multiphase Flow120, 103105. [32] Yu, Z., Xia, Y., Guo, Y. & Lin, J.2021Modulation of turbulence intensity by heavy finite-size particles in upward channel flow. J. Fluid Mech.913, A3. · Zbl 1461.76494 [33] Zhao, L.H., Andersson, H.I. & Gillissen, J.J.J.2010Turbulence modulation and drag reduction by spherical particles. Phys. Fluids22 (8), 081702. This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.