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The discrete yet ubiquitous theorems of Carathéodory, Helly, Sperner, Tucker, and Tverberg. (English) Zbl 1460.52010

This paper surveys the theory and applications of the five fundamental theorems of discrete geometry mentioned in the title. In the first part are presented some of the many reformulations and variations of these theorems and explore how these results fit together. The second part of the paper is devoted to the multiple applications of the five theorems. The authors work on wide areas and examine examples from game theory and fair division, from graph theory, from optimization, and from geometric data analysis. Some of the given examples are classical (e.g., Nash equilibria, von Neumann’s min-max theorem, linear programming), others are more specialized (e.g., {D}ol’nikov’s colorability defect or the polynomial partitioning technique) but for all these, the five theorems provide elegant and simple proofs. For other examples (for instance for Meshulam’s lemma, or for the ham sandwich theorem) the authors present new proofs. The paper is well written supplying ample background information and interesting open problems accompany the presentation.

MSC:

52A35 Helly-type theorems and geometric transversal theory
57M99 General low-dimensional topology
90C25 Convex programming
91A80 Applications of game theory
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