Chen, Minghua; Ekström, Sven-Erik; Serra-Capizzano, Stefano A multigrid method for nonlocal problems: non-diagonally dominant or Toeplitz-plus-tridiagonal systems. (English) Zbl 1461.65236 SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 41, No. 4, 1546-1570 (2020). Summary: Nonlocal problems have been used to model very different applied scientific phenomena which involve the fractional Laplacian when one looks at the Lévy processes and stochastic interfaces. This paper deals with the nonlocal problems on a bounded domain where the stiffness matrices of the resulting systems are Toeplitz plus tridiagonal or far from being diagonally dominant as occurs when dealing with linear finite element approximations. By exploiting a weakly diagonally dominant Toeplitz property of the stiffness matrices, the optimal convergence of the two-grid method is well established in [M. Chen and W. Deng, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 38, No. 3, 869–890 (2017; Zbl 1373.65068)], and there are still questions about the best ways to define the coarsening and interpolation operators when the stiffness matrix is far from being weakly diagonally dominant [K. Stüben, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 128, No. 1–2, 281–309 (2001; Zbl 0979.65111)]. In this work, using spectral indications from our analysis of the involved matrices, the simple (traditional) restriction operator and prolongation operator are employed in order to handle general algebraic systems which are neither Toeplitz nor weakly diagonally dominant corresponding to the fractional Laplacian kernel and the constant kernel, respectively. We focus our efforts on providing the detailed proof of the convergence of the two-grid method for such situations. Moreover, the convergence of the full multigrid is also discussed with the constant kernel. The numerical experiments are performed to verify the convergence with only \(\mathcal{O}(N\log N)\) complexity by the fast Fourier transform, where \(N\) is the number of the grid points. Cited in 3 Documents MSC: 65M55 Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs 26A33 Fractional derivatives and integrals 65T50 Numerical methods for discrete and fast Fourier transforms 65F05 Direct numerical methods for linear systems and matrix inversion 15B05 Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices 35R11 Fractional partial differential equations Keywords:multigrid methods; nonlocal problems; Toeplitz-plus-tridiagonal system; non-diagonally dominant system; fast Fourier transform Citations:Zbl 1373.65068; Zbl 0979.65111 × Cite Format Result Cite Review PDF Full Text: DOI arXiv References: [1] G. Acosta and J. P. Borthagaray, A fractional Laplace equation: Regularity of solutions and finite element approximations, SIAM J. Numer. 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