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Inertial motions of a rigid body with a cavity filled with a viscous liquid. (English) Zbl 1342.35245

Summary: We study inertial motions of the coupled system, \(\mathcal{S}\), constituted by a rigid body containing a cavity entirely filled with a viscous liquid. We show that for arbitrary initial data having only finite kinetic energy, every corresponding weak solution (à la Leray-Hopf) converges, as time goes to infinity, to a uniform rotation, unless two central moments of inertia of \(\mathcal{S}\) coincide and are strictly greater than the third one. This corroborates a famous “conjecture” of N. Ye. Zhukovskii [“On the motion of a rigid body with cavities filled with a homogeneous liquid drop” (Russian), Zh. Fiz. Khim. Obshch. 17, 81–113, 145–199, 231–280 (1885)] in several physically relevant cases. Moreover, we show that, in a known range of initial data, this rotation may only occur along the central axis of inertia of \(\mathcal{S}\) with the larger moment of inertia. We also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the rigorous nonlinear stability of permanent rotations, which improve and/or generalize results previously given by other authors under different types of approximation. Finally, we present results obtained by a targeted numerical simulation that, on the one hand, complement the analytical findings, whereas, on the other hand, point out new features that the analysis is yet not able to catch, and, as such, lay the foundation for interesting and challenging future investigation.

MSC:

35Q35 PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics
35Q70 PDEs in connection with mechanics of particles and systems of particles
76D05 Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids
70E15 Free motion of a rigid body
76U05 General theory of rotating fluids
35D30 Weak solutions to PDEs
35B35 Stability in context of PDEs
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