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Improvements and extensions to Miller-Tucker-Zemlin subtour elimination constraints. (English) Zbl 0723.90081
The paper deals with various kinds of vehicle routing problems (VRP): (i) the capacitated VRP (CVRP): every vertex $$v_ i$$ has a positive weight $$q_ i$$ and the total weight of any route must not exceed Q, the capacity of each vehicle. (ii) The distance constrained VRP (DVRP): the total length of any route may not exceed a given bound L. (iii) The VRP with time windows (TWVRP): every vertex $$v_ i$$ must be visited within a time window $$[a_ i,b_ i]$$, where waiting at $$v_ i$$ is allowed.
As the classical subtour elimination constraints (due to Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson) are hard to adapt to the DVRP and no generalization of DFJ-constraints are known with respect to the TWVRP, the authors propose to improve and to extend the subtour elimination constraints of C. E. Miller, A. W. Tucker and R. A. Zemlin [J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 7, 326-329 (1960; Zbl 0100.151)], $(MTZ)\quad u_ i-u_ j+(n-1)x_{ij}\leq n-2\quad (i,j=2,...,n;\quad i\neq j),\quad 1\leq u_ i\leq n-1\quad (i=2,...,n).$ By a lifting technique they get valid inequalities for the TSP, CVRP, DVRP and TWVRP. Some analysis of the induced polytopes and facets are given for the asymmetric TSP too. A couple of experiments indicate that the lifted MTZ-constraints are of relative strength even for TSP.

##### MSC:
 90C35 Programming involving graphs or networks 90-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining to operations research and mathematical programming 52B12 Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally symmetric, etc.) 90C09 Boolean programming
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##### References:
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