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Approximation of abstract differential equations. (English) Zbl 1111.47063
The present paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of abstract differential equations in Banach spaces. As is well-known, most of the finite-difference, finite-element, and projection methods can be considered from the point of view of general approximation schemes. Results obtained for general approximation schemes make the formulation of concrete numerical methods easier and give an overview of methods which are suitable for different classes of problems.
Unfortunately, no books or reviews on general approximation theory have appeared for differential equations in abstract spaces during the last 20 years. Any information on the subject can be found in the original papers only. The paper under review is a first step toward describing a complete picture of discretization methods for abstract differential equations in Banach spaces. It consist of six sections.
In Section 2, the authors describe the general approximation scheme, different types of convergence of operators, and the relation between the convergence and the approximation of spectra. Also, such a convergence analysis can be used if one considers elliptic problems, i.e., problems which do not depend on time.
Section 3 contains a complete picture of the theory of discretization of semigroups on Banach spaces. It summarizes the Trotter–Kato and Lax–Richtmyer theorems from the general and common point of view and related problems.
The approximation of ill-posed problems is considered in Section 4, which is based on the theory of appproximation of local C-semigroups. Since the backward Cauchy problem is very important in applications and admits stochastic noise, the authors also consider approximation using a stochastic regularization. Such an approach was apparently never before considered in the literature.
In Section 5, discrete coercive inequalities are presented for abstract parabolic equations in various spaces. The last section, Section 6, deals with semilinear problems. The authors consider approximations of Cauchy problems and also problems with periodic solutions. The approach described here is based on the theory of rotation of vector fields and the principle of compact approximation of operators.

##### MSC:
 47N20 Applications of operator theory to differential and integral equations 47N40 Applications of operator theory in numerical analysis 34G10 Linear differential equations in abstract spaces 34G20 Nonlinear differential equations in abstract spaces 41A65 Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) 65J10 Numerical solutions to equations with linear operators 47D03 Groups and semigroups of linear operators 47D06 One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations 47D60 $$C$$-semigroups, regularized semigroups 00A15 Bibliographies for mathematics in general 65-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to numerical analysis
##### Keywords:
abstract differential equations; numerical analysis
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