## New representations for Apéry-like sequences.(English)Zbl 1275.11035

Focus of this paper are three sequences satisfying similar difference equations, i.e., the numbers found by R. Apéry [Astérisque 61, 11–13 (1979; Zbl 0401.10049)], the alternating version of the Domb numbers examined by H. H. Chan, S. H. Chan and Z.-G. Liu [Adv. Math. 186, No. 2, 396–410 (2004; Zbl 1122.11087)] and the AZ numbers defined by G. Almkvist and W. Zudilin [Mirror symmetry V. AMS/IP Stud. Adv. Math. 38, 481–515 (2006; Zbl 1118.14043)].
In fact, their generating series $$F_\alpha (z)$$, $$F_\delta (z)$$ and $$F_\xi (z)$$ admit the modular parametrizations via the Hauptmoduls of the three subgroups of index two lying between $$\Gamma_0 (6)$$ and its normalizer in $$\mathrm{SL}_2 (\mathbb R)$$, studied by H. H. Chan and H. Verrill [Math. Res. Lett. 16, No. 2-3, 405–420 (2009; Zbl 1193.11038)], which are the main tools of the proof, whose secondary means are, e.g., the $$q$$-series expansions of the functions, the differential operator $$\theta =y(d/dy)$$ and computer algebra such as Maple.
The authors establish new algebraic relations among the series $$F_\alpha (z)$$, $$F_\delta (z)$$, $$F_\xi (z)$$ and their expressions through $${}_3 F_2$$-hypergeometric series; then they derive three new Ramanujan-type series for $$1/\pi$$ and they auspicate that achievements and methods provided in this paper could help to obtain the explicit evaluation of the three-variable Mahler measures investigated by M. D. Rogers [Ramanujan J. 18, No. 3, 327–340 (2009; Zbl 1226.11113)].
In the proof the authors employ also a congruence by F. Beukers [Journées arithmétiques, Besançon/France 1985, Astérisque 147/148, 271–283 (1987; Zbl 0613.10031)], the Kummer’s quadratic transform and the Clausen’s identity both reported in [L. J. Slater, Generalized hypergeometric functions. Cambridge: At the University Press (1966; Zbl 0135.28101)], the simplest Ramanujan’s formula proved by G. Bauer [J. Reine Angew. Math. 56, 101–121 (1859; ERAM 056.1478cj)] and the series for $$1/\pi$$ introduced by S. Ramanujan [Q. J. Math., Oxf. 45, 350–372 (1914; JFM 45.1249.01)].
Other Ramanujan-related results supplied by the first-named author {et al.} ([B. C. Berndt, H. H. Chan and S.-S. Huang, Contemp. Math. 254, 79–126 (2000; Zbl 0971.33012)]; B. C. Berndt, H. H. Chan and W.-C. Liaw [J. Number Theory 88, No.1, 129–156 (2001; Zbl 1005.33009)]) and by the second-named author [Modular forms and string duality. Proceedings of a workshop, Banff, Canada, 2006. Fields Institute Communications 54, 179–188 (2008; Zbl 1159.11053)]; [Math. Notes 81, No. 3, 297–301 (2007); translation from Mat. Zametki 81, No. 3, 335-340 (2007; Zbl 1144.33002)] are also recalled in the paper.

### MSC:

 11B65 Binomial coefficients; factorials; $$q$$-identities 11F11 Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight 11F20 Dedekind eta function, Dedekind sums 33C20 Generalized hypergeometric series, $${}_pF_q$$

### Keywords:

Apéry numbers; Domb numbers; numbers; modular form; Hauptmodul

Maple
Full Text:

### References:

 [1] Ramanujan, Q. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 45 pp 350– (1914) [2] Chan, Math. Res. Lett. 16 pp 405– (2009) · Zbl 1193.11038 [3] DOI: 10.1016/j.aim.2003.07.012 · Zbl 1122.11087 [4] DOI: 10.1006/jnth.2000.2615 · Zbl 1005.33009 [5] Berndt, Contemp. Math. 254 pp 79– (2000) [6] DOI: 10.1007/s11139-007-9040-x · Zbl 1226.11113 [7] Apéry, Astérisque 61 pp 11– (1979) [8] Almkvist, Mirror Symmetry V pp 481– (2007) [9] Zudilin, Modular Forms and String Duality (Banff, June 2006) pp 179– (2008) [10] DOI: 10.1134/S0001434607030030 · Zbl 1144.33002 [11] Slater, Generalized Hypergeometric Functions (1966) · Zbl 0135.28101 [12] Bauer, J. für Math. (Crelles J.) 56 pp 101– (1859)
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