## Dwork-type supercongruences through a creative $$q$$-microscope.(English)Zbl 1473.11046

After introducing the unit root $$\omega(z)$$, a $$p$$-adic analytical function shaped as Dirichlet quadratic character, the authors illustrate the congruences $\sum\limits_{k=0}^{(p^r-1)/d} A_k z^k \equiv \omega(z) \sum_{k = 0}^{(p^{r-1}-1)/d} A_k z^{p k} \pmod {p^{mr} \mathbb{Z}_p [[z]]}$ as extension to $$r,m,d \in \mathbb{Z^+}$$ of those found by B. Dwork [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 37, 27–115 (1969; Zbl 0284.14008)] for the specific case $$m=d=1$$.
Then they clarify that $$f(z) = \sum_{k = 0}^\infty A_k z^k$$ is an arithmetic hypergeometric series and they focus on the truncation, at $$z=1$$, of the following two: $\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} (8k+1) \binom {4k}{2k} {\binom {2k}{k}}^2 \frac {z^k}{2^{8k}3^{2k}},$ $\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac {\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^3_k}{k!^3} (3k+1) (4z)^k ,$ corresponding to Dwork-type supercongruences ($$m>1$$) here established, respectively for primes p>3 and p>2, via the strategy of creative $$q$$-microscoping.
Supplied in a previous joint paper [Adv. Math. 346, 329–358 (2019; Zbl 1464.11028)], such method is aimed at proving supercongruences for truncated sums of arithmetic hypergeometric evaluations. Beyond $$q$$-congruences and $$q$$-identities successfully used on the same topic by the first author [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 487, Article 124022 (2020; Zbl 1439.11011)], the proof employs the transformation formulas of basic hypergeometric series available in the Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications; namely, the Volume No. 96 [Basic hypergeometric series. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2004; Zbl 1129.33005)].
In addition, this paper establishes several $$q$$-analogues of Dwork-type congruences, some of which partly confirm the conjectural work of H. Swisher [Res. Math. Sci. 2, Paper No. 18, 21 p. (2015; Zbl 1337.33005)], and it provides new similar conjectures too.
Eventually, the authors suggest the investigation of certain Dwork-type $$q$$-congruences, connected to the modular Calabi-Yau threefold studied by S. Ahlgren and K. Ono [Monatsh. Math. 129, No. 3, 177–190 (2000; Zbl 0999.11031)], in order to explore the $$q$$-deformations proposed by P. Scholze [Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 26, No. 5, 1163–1192 (2017; Zbl 1461.14031)].

### MSC:

 11B65 Binomial coefficients; factorials; $$q$$-identities 05A30 $$q$$-calculus and related topics 11A07 Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems 33C05 Classical hypergeometric functions, $${}_2F_1$$ 14J32 Calabi-Yau manifolds (algebro-geometric aspects)
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### References:

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