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Spectral solutions of PDEs on networks. (English) Zbl 1484.65245

Summary: To solve linear PDEs on metric graphs with standard coupling conditions (continuity and Kirchhoff’s law), we develop and compare a spectral, a second-order finite difference, and a discontinuous Galerkin method. The spectral method yields eigenvalues and eigenvectors of arbitrary order with machine precision and converges exponentially. These eigenvectors provide a Fourier-like basis on which to expand the solution; however, more complex coupling conditions require additional research. The discontinuous Galerkin method provides approximations of arbitrary polynomial order; however computing high-order eigenvalues accurately requires the respective eigenvector to be well-resolved. The method allows arbitrary non-Kirchhoff flux conditions and requires special penalty terms at the vertices to enforce continuity of the solutions. For the finite difference method, the standard one-sided second-order finite difference stencil reduces the accuracy of the vertex solution to \(O(h^{3/2})\). To preserve overall second-order accuracy, we used ghost cells for each edge. For all three methods we provide the implementation details, their validation, and examples illustrating their performance for the eigenproblem, Poisson equation, and the wave equation.

MSC:

65M70 Spectral, collocation and related methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs
05C12 Distance in graphs
35P05 General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs
65M06 Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs
65M60 Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs
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