## Analyzing permutations for AES-like ciphers: understanding shiftrows.(English)Zbl 1382.94060

Nyberg, Kaisa (ed.), Topics in cryptology – CT-RSA 2015. The cryptographer’s track at the RSA conference 2015, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 20–24, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer (ISBN 978-3-319-16714-5/pbk; 978-3-319-16715-2/ebook). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9048, 37-58 (2015).
Summary: Designing block ciphers and hash functions in a manner that resemble the AES in many aspects has been very popular since Rijndael was adopted as the Advanced Encryption Standard. However, in sharp contrast to the MixColumns operation, the security implications of the way the state is permuted by the operation resembling ShiftRows has never been studied in depth.{
}Here, we provide the first structured study of the influence of ShiftRows-like operations, or more generally, word-wise permutations, in AES-like ciphers with respect to diffusion properties and resistance towards differential- and linear attacks. After formalizing the concept of guaranteed trail weights, we show a range of equivalence results for permutation layers in this context. We prove that the trail weight analysis when using arbitrary word-wise permutations, with rotations as a special case, reduces to a consideration of a specific normal form. Using a mixed-integer linear programming approach, we obtain optimal parameters for a wide range of AES-like ciphers, and show improvements on parameters for Rijndael-$$192$$, Rijndael-$$256$$, PRIMATEs-$$80$$ and Prøst-$$128$$. As a separate result, we show for specific cases of the state geometry that a seemingly optimal bound on the trail weight can be obtained using cyclic rotations only for the permutation layer, i.e. in a very implementation friendly way.
For the entire collection see [Zbl 1331.94005].

### MSC:

 94A60 Cryptography

### Software:

mCrypton; CPLEX; LED
Full Text:

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