Can we trust the bootstrap in high-dimensions? The case of linear models.(English)Zbl 1444.62039

Summary: We consider the performance of the bootstrap in high-dimensions for the setting of linear regression, where $$p< n$$ but $$p/n$$ is not close to zero. We consider ordinary least-squares as well as robust regression methods and adopt a minimalist performance requirement: can the bootstrap give us good confidence intervals for a single coordinate of $$\beta$$ (where $$\beta$$ is the true regression vector)?
We show through a mix of numerical and theoretical work that the bootstrap is fraught with problems. Both of the most commonly used methods of bootstrapping for regression – residual bootstrap and pairs bootstrap – give very poor inference on $$\beta$$ as the ratio $$p/n$$ grows. We find that the residual bootstrap tend to give anti-conservative estimates (inflated Type I error), while the pairs bootstrap gives very conservative estimates (severe loss of power) as the ratio $$p/n$$ grows. We also show that the jackknife resampling technique for estimating the variance of $$\hat{\beta}$$ severely overestimates the variance in high dimensions.
We contribute alternative procedures based on our theoretical results that result in dimensionality adaptive and robust bootstrap methods.

MSC:

 62F40 Bootstrap, jackknife and other resampling methods 62F25 Parametric tolerance and confidence regions 62J05 Linear regression; mixed models 60B20 Random matrices (probabilistic aspects)
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