Hopf-bifurcation analysis of pneumococcal pneumonia with time delays. (English) Zbl 1474.34484

Mbabazi, Fulgensia Kamugisha; Mugisha, Joseph Y. T.; Kimathi, Mark

Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2019, Article ID 3757036, 21 p. (2019).

Summary: In this paper, a mathematical model of pneumococcal pneumonia with time delays is proposed. The stability theory of delay differential equations is used to analyze the model. The results show that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if the control reproduction ratio \(R_0\) is less than unity and unstable otherwise. The stability of equilibria with delays shows that the endemic equilibrium is locally stable without delays and stable if the delays are under conditions. The existence of Hopf-bifurcation is investigated and transversality conditions are proved. The model results suggest that, as the respective delays exceed some critical value past the endemic equilibrium, the system loses stability through the process of local birth or death of oscillations. Further, a decrease or an increase in the delays leads to asymptotic stability or instability of the endemic equilibrium, respectively. The analytical results are supported by numerical simulations.

MSC:

34K18	Bifurcation theory of functional-differential equations
92C50	Medical applications (general)
34K20	Stability theory of functional-differential equations
34K60	Qualitative investigation and simulation of models involving functional-differential equations

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