## On an epidemic model on finite graphs.(English)Zbl 1434.82074

Summary: We study a system of random walks, known as the frog model, starting from a profile of independent Poisson $$(\lambda)$$ particles per site, with one additional active particle planted at some vertex $$\mathbf{o}$$ of a finite connected simple graph $$G=(V,E)$$. Initially, only the particles occupying $$\mathbf{o}$$ are active. Active particles perform $$t\in \mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$$ steps of the walk they picked before vanishing and activate all inactive particles they hit. This system is often taken as a model for the spread of an epidemic over a population. Let $$\mathcal{R}_t$$ be the set of vertices which are visited by the process, when active particles vanish after $$t$$ steps. We study the susceptibility of the process on the underlying graph, defined as the random quantity $$\mathcal{S}(G):=\inf\{t:\mathcal{R}_t=V\}$$ (essentially, the shortest particles’ lifespan required for the entire population to get infected). We consider the cases that the underlying graph is either a regular expander or a $$d$$-dimensional torus of side length $$n$$ (for all $$d\ge 1)\mathbb{T}_d(n)$$ and determine the asymptotic behavior of $$\mathcal{S}$$ up to a constant factor. In fact, throughout we allow the particle density $$\lambda$$ to depend on $$n$$ and for $$d\ge 2$$ we determine the asymptotic behavior of $$\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{T}_d(n))$$ up to smaller order terms for a wide range of $$\lambda=\lambda_n$$.

### MSC:

 82C41 Dynamics of random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in time-dependent statistical mechanics 60K35 Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory 82B43 Percolation 60J10 Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) 92D30 Epidemiology
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