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Polarity and conjugacy for quadratic hypersurfaces: a unified framework with recent advances. (English) Zbl 1454.90086
Summary: We aim at completing the analysis in [the authors, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 175, No. 3, 764–794 (2017; Zbl 1387.90240)] for quadratic hypersurfaces, where the geometric viewpoint suggested by the Polarity theory is considered, in order to recast basic properties of the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method [M. R. Hestenes and E. Stiefel, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49, 409–436 (1952; Zbl 0048.09901)]. Here, the focus is on possibly exploiting theoretical advances on nonconvex quadratic hypersurfaces, in order to address guidelines for efficient optimization methods converging to second order stationary points, in large scale settings. We first recall some results from [the authors, loc. cit.], in order to fully analyze the relationship between the CG and the Polarity theory. Then, we specifically address, from a different perspective, the geometric insight of the pivot breakdown, which might occur when solving a nonsingular indefinite Newton’s equation applying the CG. Furthermore, we fully exploit some novel theoretical advances of the Polarity theory on nonconvex quadratic hypersurfaces not considered in [the authors, loc. cit.]. Finally, we show that our approach describes a general framework, which also encompasses a class of CG-based methods, namely Planar CG-based methods. The framework we consider intends to emphasize a bridge between the geometry behind stationary points of nonconvex quadratic hypersurfaces and their efficient computation using Krylov-subspace methods.

##### MSC:
 90C30 Nonlinear programming 90C52 Methods of reduced gradient type 65K05 Numerical mathematical programming methods 03H05 Nonstandard models in mathematics 65F05 Direct numerical methods for linear systems and matrix inversion 14P10 Semialgebraic sets and related spaces 14N05 Projective techniques in algebraic geometry
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