Dynamic pressure in relativistic thermodynamics.(English)Zbl 0885.76088

Summary: While in classical monatomic ideal gases the dynamic pressure (i.e. the non-equilibrium contribution to the pressure) is equal to zero, this is not true in relativistic thermodynamics. Indeed, thermodynamics and kinetic theory of relativistic gases indicate that there is a nonvanishing bulk viscosity. However, the bulk viscosity is small, of $${\mathcal O} ({1\over c^4})$$ in a nondegenerate gas. We confirm this and proceed to show that there is also an $${\mathcal O} ({1\over c^2})$$ contribution to the dynamic pressure due to a nonhomogeneous temperature field or, equivalently, to heating. In the nonrelativistic limit this new contribution is much larger than the one due to bulk viscosity.

MSC:

 76P05 Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics 82C40 Kinetic theory of gases in time-dependent statistical mechanics 83C55 Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) 80A10 Classical and relativistic thermodynamics
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References:

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