×

Finite simple groups which projectively embed in an exceptional Lie group are classified! (English) Zbl 0916.22008

This is a survey paper describing the classification, up to isomorphism, of the finite simple groups which are subquotients of \(E_8 (\mathbb{C})\). As well as a table of results, there are descriptions of the main techniques used, and an extensive (but by no means exhaustive) list of references. The basic tools of character theory and local analysis are used to reduce to a manageable list of cases, which are then treated individually. The “hard” cases have all been resolved by computer calculations in \(E_8(F)\) for suitable finite fields \(F\). It is worth mentioning that the analogous problem for subquotients of \(E_8(F)\), where \(F\) is a finite field, is also solved. As in the present case this is the work of many people. A full description can be found in work of P. B. Kleidman and the reviewer [J. Algebra 157, No. 2, 316-330 (1993; Zbl 0794.20024)] for the embedding of sporadic groups, and M. W. Liebeck and G. M. Seitz [On finite subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups (to appear)] for cross-characteristic embeddings of groups of Lie type.

MSC:

22E40 Discrete subgroups of Lie groups
20E28 Maximal subgroups
20D08 Simple groups: sporadic groups

Citations:

Zbl 0794.20024
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] A. V. Alekseevskiĭ, Jordan finite commutative subgroups of simple complex Lie groups, Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 8 (1974), no. 4, 1 – 4 (Russian).
[2] A. V. Borovik, The structure of finite subgroups of simple algebraic groups, Algebra i Logika 28 (1989), no. 3, 249 – 279, 366 (Russian); English transl., Algebra and Logic 28 (1989), no. 3, 163 – 182 (1990). · Zbl 0719.20025 · doi:10.1007/BF01978721
[3] A. V. Borovik, Finite subgroups of simple algebraic groups, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 309 (1989), no. 4, 784 – 786 (Russian); English transl., Soviet Math. Dokl. 40 (1990), no. 3, 570 – 573. · Zbl 0719.20023
[4] A. Borel and J.-P. Serre, Sur certains sous-groupes de Lie compacts, Comment. Hath. Helv., 27(1953), 128-139. · Zbl 0051.01902
[5] Roger W. Carter, Simple groups of Lie type, Wiley Classics Library, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1989. Reprint of the 1972 original; A Wiley-Interscience Publication. · Zbl 0723.20006
[6] Arjeh M. Cohen and Robert L. Griess Jr., On finite simple subgroups of the complex Lie group of type \?\(_{8}\), The Arcata Conference on Representations of Finite Groups (Arcata, Calif., 1986) Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., vol. 47, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1987, pp. 367 – 405. · Zbl 0654.22005
[7] Arjeh M. Cohen and Robert L. Griess Jr., Nonlocal Lie primitive subgroups of Lie groups, Canad. J. Math. 45 (1993), no. 1, 88 – 103. · Zbl 0782.22007 · doi:10.4153/CJM-1993-005-7
[8] Arjeh M. Cohen, Robert L. Griess Jr., and Bert Lisser, The group \?(2,61) embeds in the Lie group of type \?\(_{8}\), Comm. Algebra 21 (1993), no. 6, 1889 – 1907. · Zbl 0805.20015 · doi:10.1080/00927879308824659
[9] Arjeh M. Cohen and Gary M. Seitz, The \?-rank of the groups of exceptional Lie type, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Indag. Math. 49 (1987), no. 3, 251 – 259. · Zbl 0649.20044
[10] Arjeh M. Cohen and David B. Wales, Finite subgroups of \?\(_{2}\)(\?), Comm. Algebra 11 (1983), no. 4, 441 – 459. · Zbl 0517.20020 · doi:10.1080/00927878308822857
[11] Arjeh M. Cohen and David B. Wales, Embeddings of the group \?(2,13) in groups of Lie type \?\(_{6}\), Israel J. Math. 82 (1993), no. 1-3, 45 – 86. · Zbl 0793.20044 · doi:10.1007/BF02808108
[12] Arjeh M. Cohen and David B. Wales, Finite simple subgroups of semisimple complex Lie groups — a survey, Groups of Lie type and their geometries (Como, 1993) London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., vol. 207, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 77 – 96. · Zbl 0849.20010 · doi:10.1017/CBO9780511565823.008
[13] Arjeh M. Cohen and David B. Wales, Finite subgroups of \?\(_{4}\)(\?) and \?\(_{6}\)(\?), Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 74 (1997), no. 1, 105 – 150. · Zbl 0874.20032 · doi:10.1112/S0024611597000051
[14] Coxeter, H. S. M., Integral Cayley numbers, Duke Math. J. 13 (1946), 561-578. · Zbl 0063.01004
[15] Walter Feit, Characters of finite groups, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York-Amsterdam, 1967. · Zbl 0228.20019
[16] Paul Fong and Robert L. Griess Jr., An infinite family of elementwise-conjugate nonconjugate homomorphisms, Internat. Math. Res. Notices 5 (1995), 249 – 252. · Zbl 0834.20053 · doi:10.1155/S1073792895000195
[17] Darrin Frey, Conjugacy of alternating groups of degree 5 and \(SL(2,5)\) subgroups of the complex Lie group of type \(E_{8}\), Thesis, University of Michigan, 1995.
[18] Darrin Frey, Conjugacy of alternating groups of degree 5 and \(SL(2,5)\) subgroups of the complex Lie group of type \(E_{8}\), Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, to appear.
[19] Darrin Frey, Conjugacy of alternating groups of degree 5 and \(SL(2,5)\) subgroups of the complex Lie group of types \(F_{4}\) and \(E_{6}\), to appear in Journal of Algebra. · Zbl 0907.22013
[20] D. Frey and R. Griess, The conjugacy classes of elements in the Borovik group, Journal of Algebra 203 (1998), 226-243. CMP 98:12 · Zbl 0908.20037
[21] G. Frobenius, Über die cogredienten Transformationen der bilinearen Formen, S.-B. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (Berlin) 7-16 (1896); Gesammelte Abhandlungen, II , 695-704. · JFM 27.0079.02
[22] Daniel Gorenstein, Finite groups, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York-London, 1968. · Zbl 0463.20012
[23] Robert L. Griess Jr., Elementary abelian \?-subgroups of algebraic groups, Geom. Dedicata 39 (1991), no. 3, 253 – 305. · Zbl 0733.20023 · doi:10.1007/BF00150757
[24] Robert L. Griess Jr., Basic conjugacy theorems for \?\(_{2}\), Invent. Math. 121 (1995), no. 2, 257 – 277. · Zbl 0832.22013 · doi:10.1007/BF01884298
[25] Robert L. Griess, Jr., Twelve Sporadic Groups, Springer Mathematical Monograph, Springer Verlag, 1998. · Zbl 0908.20007
[26] Robert L. Griess Jr. and A. J. E. Ryba, Embeddings of \?\(_{3}\)(8),\?\?(8) and the Rudvalis group in algebraic groups of type \?\(_{7}\), Invent. Math. 116 (1994), no. 1-3, 215 – 241. · Zbl 0796.20014 · doi:10.1007/BF01231561
[27] Robert L. Griess, Jr. and A. J. E. Ryba, Embeddings of \(PGL(2,31)\) and \(SL(2,32)\) in \(E_8(\mathbb{C})\), Duke Math. Journal 94 (1998), 181-211. CMP 98:16
[28] Robert L. Griess, Jr. and A. J. E. Ryba, Embeddings of \(PSL(2,41)\) and \(PSL(2,49)\) in \(E_8(\mathbb{C})\), to appear in Journal of Symbolic Computation.
[29] Robert L. Griess, Jr. and A. J. E. Ryba, The finite quasisimple groups which embed in exceptional Lie groups. Preprint. · Zbl 1025.20003
[30] Robert L. Griess, Jr. and A. J. E. Ryba, Embeddings of \(Sz(8)\) into exceptional Lie groups. Preprint.
[31] B. Huppert, Endliche Gruppen. I, Die Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 134, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1967 (German). · Zbl 0217.07201
[32] I. Martin Isaacs, Character theory of finite groups, Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], New York-London, 1976. Pure and Applied Mathematics, No. 69. · Zbl 0337.20005
[33] Zvonimir Janko, A new finite simple group with abelian Sylow 2-subgroups and its characterization, J. Algebra 3 (1966), 147 – 186. · Zbl 0214.28003 · doi:10.1016/0021-8693(66)90010-X
[34] Michael J. Kantor, \(SL(2,7)\) and \(PSL(2,7)\) Subgroups of \(E_8(\mathbb{C})~\)and their Actions on a Maximal Torus, Thesis, University of Michigan, 1996.
[35] Peter B. Kleidman and A. J. E. Ryba, Kostant’s conjecture holds for \?\(_{7}\):\?\(_{2}\)(37)<\?\(_{7}\)(\?), J. Algebra 161 (1993), no. 2, 535 – 540. · Zbl 0839.20023 · doi:10.1006/jabr.1993.1234
[36] B. Kulshammer, Algebraic representations of finite groups, Universität Augsburg, 1992.
[37] Michael Larsen, On the conjugacy of element-conjugate homomorphisms, Israel J. Math. 88 (1994), no. 1-3, 253 – 277. · Zbl 0898.20025 · doi:10.1007/BF02937514
[38] Michael Larsen, On the conjugacy of element-conjugate homomorphisms. II, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 47 (1996), no. 185, 73 – 85. · Zbl 0898.20026 · doi:10.1093/qmath/47.1.73
[39] A. I. Mal’cev, Semisimple subgroups of Lie groups, Amer. Math. Soc. Translations 1, 172-273 (1962).
[40] John McKay , Finite groups — coming of age, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 45, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1985. · Zbl 0565.00006
[41] Mark R. Sepanski, Kostant’s conjecture and \?\(_{2}\)(\?) invariant theory in the rank two Lie groups, Comm. Algebra 24 (1996), no. 6, 1915 – 1938. · Zbl 0855.20041 · doi:10.1080/00927879608825680
[42] Jean-Pierre Serre, Exemples de plongements des groupes \?\?\?\(_{2}\)(\?_{\?}) dans des groupes de Lie simples, Invent. Math. 124 (1996), no. 1-3, 525 – 562 (French). · Zbl 0877.20033 · doi:10.1007/s002220050062
[43] J-P. Serre, Personal Communication, 1998.
[44] Peter Slodowy, Two notes on a finiteness problem in the representation theory of finite groups, Hamburger Beiträge zur Mathematik, aus dem Mathematischen Seminar, Heft 21; 1993. Published in “Algebraic Groups and Lie Groups” (A volume of papers in honour of the late R.W. Richardson), Ed. G.I. Lehrer, Australian Math. Soc. Lecture Series No. 9, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997; pages 331-346. CMP 98:16
[45] T. A. Springer, Regular elements of finite reflection groups, Invent. Math. 25 (1974), 159 – 198. · Zbl 0287.20043 · doi:10.1007/BF01390173
[46] Jacques Tits, Sous-algèbres des algèbres de Lie semi-simples (d’apres V. Morosov, A. Malcev, E.Dynkin et F. Karpelevitch), Séminaire Bourbaki, No. 119, May 1955. CMP 98:09
[47] David B. Wales, Finite linear groups of degree seven. I, Canad. J. Math. 21 (1969), 1042 – 1056. · Zbl 0214.04201 · doi:10.4153/CJM-1969-115-9
[48] André Weil, Remarks on the cohomology of groups, Ann. of Math. (2) 80 (1964), 149 – 157. · Zbl 0192.12802 · doi:10.2307/1970495
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.