Eremenko, A.; Gabrielov, A. Rational functions with real critical points and the B. and M. Shapiro conjecture in real enumerative geometry. (English) Zbl 0997.14015 Ann. Math. (2) 155, No. 1, 105-129 (2002). Summary: Suppose that \(2d-2\) tangent lines to the rational normal curve \(z\mapsto (1:z: \cdots:z^d)\) in \(d\)-dimensional complex projective space are given. It was known that the number of codimension 2 subspaces intersecting all these lines is always finite; for a generic configuration it is equal to the \(d\)-th Catalan number. We prove that for real tangent lines, all these codimension 2 subspaces are also real, thus confirming a special case of a general conjecture of B. and M. Shapiro [see the following review Zbl 0997.14015]. This is equivalent to the following result:If all critical points of a rational function lie on a circle in the Riemann sphere (for example, on the real line), then the function maps this circle into a circle. Cited in 8 ReviewsCited in 42 Documents MSC: 14N15 Classical problems, Schubert calculus 14N10 Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry 14P99 Real algebraic and real-analytic geometry 30C15 Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) Keywords:number of codimension 2 subspaces; Catalan number; rational function Citations:Zbl 0997.14015 PDF BibTeX XML Cite \textit{A. Eremenko} and \textit{A. Gabrielov}, Ann. Math. (2) 155, No. 1, 105--129 (2002; Zbl 0997.14015) Full Text: DOI arXiv OpenURL