×

The Gromov invariant and the Donaldson-Smith standard surface count. (English) Zbl 1055.53064

For any symplectic \(4\)-manifold \(X\), there exist symplectic Lefschetz pencils [see S. K. Donaldson, J. Differ. Geom. 53, No. 2, 205–236 (1999; Zbl 1040.53094)] which, after blow-up at the base points, yield symplectic Lefschetz fibrations. In S. Donaldson and I. Smith, [Topology 42, No. 4, 743–785 (2003; Zbl 1012.57040), arXiv:math.SG/0012067] the authors have introduced an invariant DS which counts pseudoholomorphic sections of a relative \(r\)-symmetric product constructed from the fibration. This should correspond to pseudoholomorphic \(r\)-multisections of the original fibration, raising the natural question of whether DS equals the Gromov-Witten invariant Gr introduced in C. H. Taubes [J. Differ. Geom. 44, No. 4, 818–893 (1996; Zbl 0883.57020)].
In [Serre-Taubes duality for pseudoholomorphic curves, Topology 42, No. 5, 931–979 (2003; Zbl 1030.57038), arXiv:math.SG/0106220], I. Smith has shown that (provided the fibration has high enough degree) DS satisfies a duality relation identical to that satisfied by Gr and proved in [C. H. Taubes, Seiberg-Witten and Gromov invariants for symplectic \(4\)-manifolds, (First International Press Lecture Series. 2. Somerville, MA: International Press) (2000; Zbl 0967.57001)], by relating Gr with the Seiberg-Witten invariants of \(X\).
This paper proves the conjecture that DS = Gr. The method of proof is to modify the almost complex structure \(J\) so that the curves \(C\) in the blown-up \(4\)-manifold corresponding to the count in DS are holomorphic, \(J\) is integrable near \(C\), the fibration map is pseudoholomorphic and \(J\) is generic. Special care should be taken with multiply covered tori.

MSC:

53D45 Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Frobenius manifolds
57R17 Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension

References:

[1] D Auroux, L Katzarkov, Branched coverings of \(\mathbbC\mathrmP^2\) and invariants of symplectic 4-manifolds, Invent. Math. 142 (2000) 631 · Zbl 0961.57019 · doi:10.1007/s002220000110
[2] S K Donaldson, Lefschetz pencils on symplectic manifolds, J. Differential Geom. 53 (1999) 205 · Zbl 1040.53094
[3] S K Donaldson, P B Kronheimer, The geometry of four-manifolds, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press (1990) · Zbl 0820.57002
[4] S Donaldson, I Smith, Lefschetz pencils and the canonical class for symplectic four-manifolds, Topology 42 (2003) 743 · Zbl 1012.57040 · doi:10.1016/S0040-9383(02)00024-1
[5] E N Ionel, T H Parker, The Gromov invariants of Ruan-Tian and Taubes, Math. Res. Lett. 4 (1997) 521 · Zbl 0889.57030 · doi:10.4310/MRL.1997.v4.n4.a9
[6] S Ivashkovich, V Shevchishin, Gromov compactness theorem for stable curves · Zbl 0994.53010 · doi:10.1155/S1073792800000581
[7] D McDuff, The local behaviour of holomorphic curves in almost complex 4-manifolds, J. Differential Geom. 34 (1991) 143 · Zbl 0736.53038
[8] D McDuff, D Salamon, \(J\)-holomorphic curves and quantum cohomology, University Lecture Series 6, American Mathematical Society (1994) · Zbl 0809.53002
[9] Y Ruan, G Tian, A mathematical theory of quantum cohomology, J. Differential Geom. 42 (1995) 259 · Zbl 0860.58005
[10] Y Ruan, G Tian, Higher genus symplectic invariants and sigma models coupled with gravity, Invent. Math. 130 (1997) 455 · Zbl 0904.58066 · doi:10.1007/s002220050192
[11] B Siebert, G Tian, Weierstrass polynomials and plane pseudo-holomorphic curves, Chinese Ann. Math. Ser. B 23 (2002) 1 · Zbl 1003.32006 · doi:10.1142/S025295990200002X
[12] J C Sikorav, Some properties of holomorphic curves in almost complex manifolds, Progr. Math. 117, Birkhäuser (1994) 165
[13] I Smith, Lefschetz pencils and divisors in moduli space, Geom. Topol. 5 (2001) 579 · Zbl 1066.57030 · doi:10.2140/gt.2001.5.579
[14] I Smith, Serre-Taubes duality for pseudoholomorphic curves, Topology 42 (2003) 931 · Zbl 1030.57038 · doi:10.1016/S0040-9383(02)00025-3
[15] C H Taubes, Counting pseudo-holomorphic submanifolds in dimension 4, J. Differential Geom. 44 (1996) 818 · Zbl 0883.57020
[16] C H Taubes, Seiberg Witten and Gromov invariants for symplectic 4-manifolds, First International Press Lecture Series 2, International Press (2000) · Zbl 0967.57001
[17] M Usher, Relative Hilbert scheme methods in pseudoholomorphic geometry, PhD thesis, MIT (2004)
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.