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Reflected diffusions defined via the extended Skorokhod map. (English) Zbl 1111.60043
Summary: This work introduces the extended Skorokhod problem (ESP) and associated extended Skorokhod map (ESM) that enable a pathwise construction of reflected diffusions that are not necessarily semimartingales. Roughly speaking, given the closure $$G$$ of an open connected set in $$R^J$$, a nonempty convex cone $$d(x)$$ in $$R^J$$, specified at each point $$x$$ on the boundary of $$G$$, and a càdlàg trajectory $$\psi$$ taking values in $$R^J$$, the ESM defines a constrained version $$\varphi$$ of $$\psi$$ that takes values in $$G$$ and is such that the increments of $$\varphi-\psi$$ on any interval $$[s,t]$$ lie in the closed convex hull of the directions $$d(\varphi(u))$$, $$u\in(s,t]$$. General deterministic properties of the ESP are first established under the only assumption that the graph of $$d(.)$$ is closed. Next, for a class of multi-dimensional ESPs on polyhedral domains, pathwise uniqueness and existence of strong solutions to the associated stochastic differential equations is established. In addition, it is also proved that these reflected diffusions are semimartingales on $$[0,T_0]$$, where $$T_0$$ is the time to hit the set of points $$x$$ on the boundary for which $$d(x)$$ contains a line. One motivation for the study of this class of reflected diffusions is that they arise as approximations of queueing networks in heavy traffic that use the so-called generalised processor sharing discipline.

##### MSC:
 60H10 Stochastic ordinary differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis) 60G07 General theory of stochastic processes 60J05 Discrete-time Markov processes on general state spaces 60G17 Sample path properties 60K35 Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory
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