Stability and control for energy production parametric dependence. (English) Zbl 1205.93109

Carlini, Maurizio; Castellucci, Sonia; Guerrieri, Mirko; Honorati, Tommaso

Math. Probl. Eng. 2010, Article ID 842380, 21 p. (2010).

Summary: The activities of plant cultivation in Italy are provided by prefabricated structures that are designed to avoid any preliminary study of optical and thermal exchanges between the external environment and the green house. Designers mainly focused on the heating and cooling system to obtain climate beneficial effects on plant growth. This system involves rather significant operating costs which have driven the interests of designers, builders, and farmers to pursue constructive solutions such as the optimization and control of energy flows in the system. In this paper we take into account a model of greenhouse for plant cultivation to be located in Central Italy. For the optimal design of a greenhouse, simulations of heat exchange and flow of energy have been made in order to optimise the cooling system consumption of energy.

MSC:

93C95	Application models in control theory
93A30	Mathematical modelling of systems (MSC2010)
93B51	Design techniques (robust design, computer-aided design, etc.)

Keywords:

plant cultivation; optimization and control of energy flows; optimal design of a greenhouse

References:

[1]	T. Kasuda and P. R. Archenbach, “Earth temperature and thermal diffusivity at selected stations in the United States,” ASHRAE Transactions, vol. 71, part 1, 1965.
[2]	SOLMET, “Hourly solar radiation surface meteorological observations. Volume 2,” Final Report TD-9724, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA, 1979.
[3]	C. M. Randall and M. E. Whitson, “Hourly insolation and meteorological data bases including improved direct insolation estimates,” Aerospace Report ATR-78(7592)- l, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif, USA, 1977.
[4]	J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman, Solar Energy Thermal Processes, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1974.
[5]	ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1972.
[6]	J. E. Braun and J. C. Mitchell, “Solar geometry for fixed and tracking surfaces,” Solar Energy, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 439-444, 1983.
[7]	D. T. Reindl, W. A. Beckman, and J. A. Duffie, “Diffuse fraction correlations,” Solar Energy, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 1990.
[8]	D. T. Reindl, W. A. Beckman, and J. A. Duffie, “Evaluation of hourly tilted surface radiation models,” Solar Energy, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 9-17, 1990.
[9]	R. Perez, R. Stewart, R. Seals, and T. Guertin, “The development and verification of The Perez Diffuse Radiation Model,” Sandia Report SAND88-7030, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 1988.
[10]	K. M. Knight, S. A. Klein, and J. A. Duffie, “A methodology for the synthesis of hourly weather data,” Solar Energy, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 109-120, 1991.
[11]	K. M. Knight, Development and validation of a weather data generation model, M.S. thesis, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1988.
[12]	V. A. Graham, Stochastic synthesis of the solar atmospheric transmittance, Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, 1985.
[13]	V. A. Graham, K. G. T. Hollands, and T. E. Unny, “Stochastic variation of hourly solar radiation over the day,” in Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress, vol. 4, Hamburg, Germany, September 1987.
[14]	L. O. Degelman, “Monte Carlo simulation of solar radiation and dry bulb temperatures for air conditioning purposes,” Report 70-9, Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 1970, sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. GK-2204.
[15]	D. G. Erbs, S. A. Klein, and J. A. Duffie, “Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly-average global radiation,” Solar Energy, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 293-302, 1982.
[16]	D. G. Erbs, Models and applications for weather statistics related to building heating and cooling loads, Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1984.
[17]	K. G. T. Hollands, L. J. D’Andrea, and I. D. Morrison, “Effect of random fluctuations in ambient air temperature on solar system performance,” Solar Energy, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 335-338, 1989.
[18]	R. A. Gansler, Assessment of generated meterological data for use in solar energy simulations, M.S. thesis, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1993.
[19]	R. A. Gansler and S. A. Klein, “Assessment of the accuracy of generated meteorological data for use in solar energy simulation studies,” in Proceedings of ASME International Solar Energy Conference, pp. 59-66, April 1993.
[20]	R. A. Gansler, S. A. Klein, and W. A. Beckman, “Investigation of minute solar radiation data,” in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Solar Energy Society, pp. 344-348, San Jose, Calif, USA, June 1994.
[21]	J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1991.
[22]	J. H. Eckstein, Detailed modeling of photovoltaic components, M.S. thesis, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1990.
[23]	B. Fry, Simulation of grid-tied building integrated photovoltaic systems, M.S. thesis, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1999.
[24]	D. L. King, J. A. Kratochvil, and W. E. Boyson, “Measuring the solar spectral and angle-of-incidence effects on photovoltaic modules and irradiance sensors,” in Proceedings of IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, pp. 1113-1116, September-October 1997.
[25]	T. U. Townsend, A method for estimating the long-term performance of direct-coupled photovoltaic systems, M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1989.
[26]	H. Laukamp, Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems. User-written TRNSYS source code, FraunhoferInstitute für Solare Energiesysteme, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, 1988.
[27]	Ø. Ulleberg, Stand-alone power systems for the future: optimal design, operation < control of solar-hydrogen energy systems, Ph.D. thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 1998.
[28]	D. B. Snyman and J. H. R. Enslin, “An experimental evaluation of MPPT converter topologies for PV installations,” Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 841-848, 1993.
[29]	D. G. Stephenson and G. P. Mitalas, “Calculation of heat conduction transfer functions for multi-layer slabs,” in Proceedings of the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, USA, August 1971.
[30]	“Manuali dei controllori di temperatura Eurotherm”.
[31]	“Manuali dei controllori di temperatura Oxford Instruments”.
[32]	G. P. Mitalas and J. G. Arseneault, “FORTRAN IV program to calculate z-transfer functions for the calculation of transient heat transfer through walls and roofs,” Report 5752842, NRC Institute for Research in Construction; National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2010.
[33]	J. E. Seem, Modeling of heat in buildings, Ph.D. thesis, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, USA, 1987.
[34]	S. Holst, “Heating load of a building model in TRNSYS with different heating systems,” ZAE Bayern, Abt. 4, TRNSYS-User Day, Stuttgart, Germany, 1993.
[35]	W. Feist, Thermal Building Simulation. A Critical Review of Different Building Models, C.F. Müller, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1994.
[36]	Th. Lechner, Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of the Transfer Function Method, Institut für Thermodynamik und Wärmetechnik, Universität Stuttgart, 1992.
[37]	WINDOW 4.1, PC Program for Analyzing Window Thermal Performance in Accordance with Standard NFRC Procedures, Windows and Daylighting Group, Building Technologies Program, Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif, USA, 1994.