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Huang, Gang; Yokoi, Hiroki; Takeuchi, Yasuhiro; Kajiwara, Tsuyoshi; Sasaki, Toru

Impact of intracellular delay, immune activation delay and nonlinear incidence on viral dynamics. (English) Zbl 1226.92049

Japan J. Ind. Appl. Math. 28, No. 3, 383-411 (2011).
Summary: This paper investigates a class of viral infection models with a nonlinear infection rate and two discrete delays, one of which represents an intracellular latent period for the contacted target cell with the virus to begin producing virions, the other of which represents the time needed in cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) response before immune becomes effective after a novel pathogen invades. Since the immune system is a complex network of cells and signals that have evolved to respond to the presence of pathogens, we further assume two situations for immune activation delay. When both delays are ignored, the global stability for the ordinary differential equations model are established. While both delays are included, the positivity and boundedness of all solutions of the delay differential equations model are proved. Utilizing Lyapunov functionals and the LaSalle invariance principle, the global dynamical properties are also studied.
In particular, stability switch is shown to occur as immune delay increasing by bifurcation theory. Our results exhibit that the intracellular delay does not affect the stability of equilibria. However, the immune activation delay is able to destabilize the interior equilibrium and brings periodic solutions. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results and display the different impacts of two type delays in two cases. Those analysis give us some useful suggestions on new drugs to fight against viral infection such that it is effective for the drugs to prolong the latent period, and/or to reduce the activation delay of CTLs immune response and/or to inhibit infection.

Cited in 27 Documents

MSC:

92C60 Medical epidemiology
34K20 Stability theory of functional-differential equations
34K13 Periodic solutions to functional-differential equations
34D23 Global stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations
34K60 Qualitative investigation and simulation of models involving functional-differential equations
37N25 Dynamical systems in biology
65C20 Probabilistic models, generic numerical methods in probability and statistics

Keywords:

nonlinear infection rate; global stability; periodic solution
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\textit{G. Huang} et al., Japan J. Ind. Appl. Math. 28, No. 3, 383--411 (2011; Zbl 1226.92049)
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