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Chip-firing and Riemann-Roch theory for directed graphs. (English) Zbl 1274.05189
Nešetřil, Jarik (ed.) et al., Extended abstracts of the sixth European conference on combinatorics, graph theory and applications, EuroComb 2011, Budapest, Hungary, August 29 – September 2, 2011. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 38, 63-68 (2011).
Summary: Baker and Norine developed a graph-theoretic analogue of the classical Riemann-Roch theorem. Amini and Manjunath extended their criteria to all full-dimensional lattices orthogonal to the all ones vector. We show that Amini and Manjunath’s criteria hold for all full-dimensional lattices orthogonal to some positive vector and study some combinatorial examples of such lattices. Two distinct generalizations of the chip-firing game of Baker and Norine to directed graphs are provided. We describe how the “row” chip-firing game is related to the sandpile model and the “column” chip-firing game is related to directed $$G$$-parking functions. We finish with a discussion of arithmetical graphs, introduced by Lorenzini, viewing them as a class of vertex weighted graphs whose Laplacian is orthogonal to a positive vector and describe how they may be viewed as a special class of unweighted strongly connected directed graphs.
For the entire collection see [Zbl 1242.05003].

##### MSC:
 05C20 Directed graphs (digraphs), tournaments 05C10 Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory 05C57 Games on graphs (graph-theoretic aspects)
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##### References:
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