Cheng, Dan; Schwartzman, Armin Multiple testing of local maxima for detection of peaks in random fields. (English) Zbl 1369.62144 Ann. Stat. 45, No. 2, 529-556 (2017). Summary: A topological multiple testing scheme is presented for detecting peaks in images under stationary ergodic Gaussian noise, where tests are performed at local maxima of the smoothed observed signals. The procedure generalizes the one-dimensional scheme of the second author et al. [Ann. Stat. 39, No. 6, 3290–3319 (2011; Zbl 1246.62173)] to Euclidean domains of arbitrary dimension. Two methods are developed according to two different ways of computing p-values: (i) using the exact distribution of the height of local maxima, available explicitly when the noise field is isotropic [the authors, Extremes 18, No. 2, 213–240 (2015; Zbl 1319.60106); “Expected number and height distribution of critical points of smooth isotropic Gaussian random fields”, Preprint, arXiv:1511.06835]; (ii) using an approximation to the overshoot distribution of local maxima above a pre-threshold, applicable when the exact distribution is unknown, such as when the stationary noise field is nonisotropic [the authors, Extremes 18, loc. cit.]. The algorithms, combined with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for thresholding p-values, provide asymptotic strong control of the false discovery rate (FDR) and power consistency, with specific rates, as the search space and signal strength get large. The optimal smoothing bandwidth and optimal pre-threshold are obtained to achieve maximum power. Simulations show that FDR levels are maintained in nonasymptotic conditions. The methods are illustrated in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance images of the brain. Cited in 2 ReviewsCited in 15 Documents MSC: 62H35 Image analysis in multivariate analysis 62H15 Hypothesis testing in multivariate analysis 62M40 Random fields; image analysis Keywords:false discovery rate; Gaussian random field; kernel smoothing; image analysis; overshoot distribution; selective inference; topological inference Citations:Zbl 1246.62173; Zbl 1319.60106 × Cite Format Result Cite Review PDF Full Text: DOI arXiv