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On the sum of the $$k$$ largest eigenvalues of graphs and maximal energy of bipartite graphs. (English) Zbl 1411.05156
Summary: Let $$G$$ be a graph of order $$n$$. Also let $$\lambda_1 \geq \lambda_2 \geq \cdots \geq \lambda_n$$ be the eigenvalues of graph $$G$$. In this paper, we present the following upper bound on the sum of the $$k$$ $$(\leq n)$$ largest eigenvalues of $$G$$ in terms of the order $$n$$ and negative inertia $$\theta$$ (the number of negative eigenvalues): $$\sum_{i = 1}^k \lambda_i \leq \frac{n}{2(\theta + 1)}(\theta + \sqrt{\theta(k \theta + k - 1)})$$ with equality holding if and only if $$G \cong n K_1$$ or $$G \cong \overline{p K}_t$$$$(n = p t, p \geq 2)$$ with $$k = 1$$ (where $$\overline{p K}_t$$ is the complete $$p$$-partite graph of $$p$$ $$t$$ vertices with all partition sets having size $$t$$). Moreover, we obtain a sharp upper bound on the energy of bipartite graphs with given order $$n$$ and rank $$r$$. We also propose an open problem as follows: Characterize all connected $$d$$-regular bipartite graphs of order $$n$$ with 5 distinct eigenvalues and rank $$r = \frac{2 n^2}{(4 d - n)^2}$$, where $$d > \frac{n}{4}$$. Finally we give a partial solution to this problem.

##### MSC:
 05C50 Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.)
##### Keywords:
eigenvalues; eigenvalue sum; graph energy; inertia; rank
SageMath
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##### References:
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