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On the classification of nilpotent singularities. (English) Zbl 0963.32021
This paper deals with the analytic classification of germs of singular holomorphic foliations in a neighborhood of the origin of $$\mathbb{C}^2$$ having nonzero linear part in the “nilpotent” case.
Several works have already dealt with the “semisimple” case: A. D. Bryuno [Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. 25, 131-288 (1973); translation from Tr. Mosk. Mat. O.-va 25, 119-262 (1971; Zbl 0263.34003)]; J. Ecalle [Publ. Math. Orsay 85-05, 1-585 (1985; Zbl 0602.30029]; J. Martinet and J.-P. Ramis [Inst. Hautes Etud. Sci., Publ. Math. 55, 63-164 (1982; Zbl 0546.58038); Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér., IV. Ser. 16, 571-621 (1983; Zbl 0534.34011)]; R. Perez-Marco and J.-C. Yoccoz [Astérisque 222, 345-371 (1994; Zbl 0809.32008)].
In the “semisimple” case, the ratio of the eigenvalues of the linear part is closely related to the classification, and the moduli are essentially the ones of a holonomy diffeomorphism. Now the authors suppose that both eigenvalues vanish. They first consider a “saddle-node singularity” with two separatrices, where the strong separatrix is the $$x$$-axis and the central one is the $$y$$-axis. Then they give a new proof of the result that the holonomy diffeomorphism associated to the strong separatrix gives the classification J. Martinet and J.P. Ramis [loc. cit.]. The germ of a foliation is called nilpotent by the authors if its 1-jet is linearly equivalent to $$y dy$$, which possesses normal formal form of the type $${\Omega}^{n,p}=d(y^2+x^n) +x^pU(x)dy$$, where $$n-1 \geq 2$$ is the Milnor number, $$p \geq 2$$ is an integer and $$U$$ is a an element of $${\mathbb C}[[x]]$$ with $$U(0)\neq 0$$. For this kind of germs, if $$2p<n$$ and a desingularization process produces a saddle-node singularity, then they can characterize the holomorphic equivalence and the rigidity (rigidity holds precisely when holonomy group is non-abelian).

##### MSC:
 32S65 Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations 32S05 Local complex singularities