Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Krieger, Abba M. Sensitivity of two-sample permutation inferences in observational studies. (English) Zbl 0703.62060 J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 85, No. 410, 493-498 (1990). In observational studies, subjects are not randomly assigned to treatment or control, so they may differ in their chances of receiving the treatment. A simple method is developed and demonstrated for displaying the sensitivity of conventional two-group permutation inferences to departures from random assignment of treatments. The unmatched case, discussed here, differs in certain technical and computational details from the matched case, discussed previously; however, the underlying model and the method for quantifying departures from randomization are the same. The method may be applied to Wilcoxon’s rank sum test, the Gehan and log-rank tests for censored outcomes, Mantel’s test for scored categories, and Fisher’s exact test for binary responses. Cited in 2 Documents MSC: 62G10 Nonparametric hypothesis testing Keywords:treatment; control; sensitivity of conventional two-group permutation inferences; departures from randomization; Wilcoxon’s rank sum test; Gehan and log-rank tests; censored outcomes; Mantel’s test for scored categories; Fisher’s exact test for binary responses Software:senstrat PDFBibTeX XMLCite \textit{P. R. Rosenbaum} and \textit{A. M. Krieger}, J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 85, No. 410, 493--498 (1990; Zbl 0703.62060) Full Text: DOI