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The Hardy inequality and the heat equation with magnetic field in any dimension. (English) Zbl 1353.35244

Summary: In the Euclidean space of any dimension \(d\), we consider the heat semigroup generated by the magnetic Schrödinger operator from which an inverse-square potential is subtracted to make the operator critical in the magnetic-free case. Assuming that the magnetic field is compactly supported, we show that the polynomial large-time behavior of the heat semigroup is determined by the eigenvalue problem for a magnetic Schrödinger operator on the \((d-1)\)-dimensional sphere whose vector potential reflects the behavior of the magnetic field at the space infinity. From the spectral problem on the sphere, we deduce that in \(d=2\) there is an improvement of the decay rate of the heat semigroup by a polynomial factor with power proportional to the distance of the total magnetic flux to the discrete set of flux quanta, while there is no extra polynomial decay rate in higher dimensions. To prove the results, we establish new magnetic Hardy-type inequalities for the Schrödinger operator and develop the method of self-similar variables and weighted Sobolev spaces for the associated heat equation.

MSC:

35Q40 PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics
35J10 Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation
35K05 Heat equation
35A23 Inequalities applied to PDEs involving derivatives, differential and integral operators, or integrals
35C06 Self-similar solutions to PDEs
35P20 Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs
80M35 Asymptotic analysis for problems in thermodynamics and heat transfer
35B40 Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs
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