Owen, Art; Zhou, Yi Safe and effective importance sampling. (English) Zbl 0998.65003 J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 95, No. 449, 135-143 (2000). Summary: We present two improvements on the technique of importance sampling. First, we show that importance sampling from a mixture of densities, using those densities as control variates, results in a useful upper bound on the asymptotic variance. That bound is a small multiple of the asymptotic variance of importance sampling from the best single component density. This allows one to benefit from the great variance reductions obtainable by importance sampling, while protecting against the equally great variance increases that might take the practitioner by surprise. The second improvement is to show how importance sampling from two or more densities can be used to approach a zero sampling variance even for integrands that take both positive and negative values. Cited in 3 ReviewsCited in 62 Documents MSC: 65C05 Monte Carlo methods 62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys 62J10 Analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA) 65C60 Computational problems in statistics (MSC2010) Keywords:control variates; Monte Carlo; rare events; reliability; value at risk; variance reduction; importance sampling PDFBibTeX XMLCite \textit{A. Owen} and \textit{Y. Zhou}, J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 95, No. 449, 135--143 (2000; Zbl 0998.65003) Full Text: DOI