U-Net swMATH ID: 33176 Software Authors: Ronneberger, O.; Fischer, P.; Brox, T. Description: U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. There is large consent that successful training of deep networks requires many thousand annotated training samples. In this paper, we present a network and training strategy that relies on the strong use of data augmentation to use the available annotated samples more efficiently. The architecture consists of a contracting path to capture context and a symmetric expanding path that enables precise localization. We show that such a network can be trained end-to-end from very few images and outperforms the prior best method (a sliding-window convolutional network) on the ISBI challenge for segmentation of neuronal structures in electron microscopic stacks. Using the same network trained on transmitted light microscopy images (phase contrast and DIC) we won the ISBI cell tracking challenge 2015 in these categories by a large margin. Moreover, the network is fast. Segmentation of a 512x512 image takes less than a second on a recent GPU. The full implementation (based on Caffe) and the trained networks are available at http://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/ronneber/u-net Homepage: https://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/ronneber/u-net/ Related Software: ImageNet; Adam; AlexNet; TensorFlow; PyTorch; GitHub; CycleGAN; pix2pix; Keras; SegNet; DGM; PDE-Net; DeepLab; DeconvNet; Wasserstein GAN; CIFAR; Faster R-CNN; V-Net; Python; NETT Cited in: 127 Publications all top 5 Cited by 435 Authors 6 Arridge, Simon R. 4 Schönlieb, Carola-Bibiane 4 Ying, Lexing 3 Antholzer, Stephan 3 Fan, Yuwei 3 Haltmeier, Markus 3 Kutyniok, Gitta 3 Maass, Peter 3 Schwab, Johannes 3 Tai, Xuecheng 3 Ye, Jong Chul 3 Zabaras, Nicholas J. 3 Zeng, Tie Yong 2 Chanda, Bhabatosh 2 Choi, Han-Soo 2 de Hoop, Maarten V. 2 Durlofsky, Louis J. 2 Geiger, Andreas 2 Hauptmann, Andreas 2 Jia, Fan 2 Kang, Myungjoo 2 Lassas, Matti J. 2 Li, Jun 2 Li, Xu 2 Lin, Lin 2 Liu, Jun 2 Liu, Yimin 2 Mondal, Ranjan 2 Newman, Elizabeth 2 Öktem, Ozan 2 Ruthotto, Lars 2 Tang, Meng 2 Yang, Xiaoping 2 Zepeda-Núñez, Leonardo 2 Zhu, Yinhao 1 Adewoyin, Rilwan A. 1 Amerini, Irene 1 Anagnostopoulos, Aris 1 Andrade-Loarca, Hector 1 Ao, Wenqi 1 Arcucci, Rossella 1 Arias, Pablo 1 Ayed, Ibrahim 1 Azevedo, Leonardo 1 Bae, Jungyoon 1 Bamer, Franz 1 Barrowclough, Oliver J. D. 1 Bennett, Kane C. 1 Berman, Maxim 1 Bethge, Matthias 1 Blaschko, Matthew B. 1 Bohn, Bastian 1 Bois, Léo 1 Boll, Bastian 1 Bordas, Stéphane Pierre Alain 1 Bostanabad, Ramin 1 Bragg, Andrew D. 1 Breger, Anna 1 Brendel, Wieland 1 Brunet, Jean-Nicolas 1 Bubba, Tatiana A. 1 Burgard, Wolfram 1 Cai, Xiao-Chuan 1 Cakal, Berkay A. 1 Cao, Yan 1 Carmo, D. S. 1 Caseria, Brendan J. 1 Celsi, Lorenzo Ricciardi 1 Cha, Eunju 1 Chan, Raymond Hon-Fu 1 Chandramowlishwaran, Aparna 1 Chen, Guodong 1 Chen, Guoxiong 1 Chen, Honggang 1 Chen, Huai 1 Chen, Luo 1 Chen, Nanguang 1 Chen, Rongchang 1 Chen, Ruidian 1 Chen, XiaoQian 1 Chen, Xilin 1 Chen, Yu 1 Chen, Zixuan 1 Cheng, Lei 1 Cheng, Lin 1 Cheng, Qimin 1 Cheng, Xiuyuan 1 Cheng, Yinlin 1 Chitta, Kashyap 1 Chung, Julianne M. 1 Chung, Matthias 1 Cotin, Stephane 1 Cox, Ben T. 1 Cyganek, Bogusław 1 Dall’Alba, Diego 1 Davy, Axel 1 de Bézenac, Emmanuel 1 Decazes, Pierre 1 Deng, Hao 1 Denœux, Thierry ...and 335 more Authors all top 5 Cited in 56 Serials 10 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 10 International Journal of Computer Vision 9 Journal of Computational Physics 7 Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 5 Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 5 Inverse Problems and Imaging 5 SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences 3 Inverse Problems 3 International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 3 SIAM Journal on Mathematics of Data Science 2 Computers and Fluids 2 Journal of Fluid Mechanics 2 Information Sciences 2 Computer Aided Geometric Design 2 International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 2 Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing 2 Machine Learning 2 Applied Mathematical Modelling 2 SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 2 ETNA. Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis 2 International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 2 Computational Geosciences 2 Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR) 2 Oberwolfach Reports 2 Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision 2 Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 1 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 1 Constructive Approximation 1 Computational Mechanics 1 Neural Computation 1 International Journal of Computer Mathematics 1 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 1 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 1 Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis 1 Journal of Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems 1 Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 1 Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 1 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 1 Extremes 1 Quantitative Finance 1 Multiscale Modeling & Simulation 1 Analysis and Applications (Singapore) 1 Acta Numerica 1 Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 1 Computational & Mathematical Methods in Medicine 1 Communications in Computational Physics 1 Kinetic and Related Models 1 Mathematical Geosciences 1 Algorithms 1 Science China. Mathematics 1 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 1 Computer Science Review 1 Research in the Mathematical Sciences 1 Mathematical Morphology. Theory and Applications 1 Mathematical Statistics and Learning 1 Foundations of Data Science all top 5 Cited in 24 Fields 97 Computer science (68-XX) 35 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 32 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 19 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 17 Statistics (62-XX) 12 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 11 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 9 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 6 Geophysics (86-XX) 6 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 4 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 3 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 3 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 2 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 2 Integral equations (45-XX) 2 Operator theory (47-XX) 2 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 1 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 1 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 1 Systems theory; control (93-XX) Citations by Year