GWO swMATH ID: 40816 Software Authors: Mirjalili, S.; Mirjalili, S. M.; Lewis, A. Description: GWO: Grey Wolf Optimizer. This work proposes a new meta-heuristic called Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) inspired by grey wolves (Canis lupus). The GWO algorithm mimics the leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves in nature. Four types of grey wolves such as alpha, beta, delta, and omega are employed for simulating the leadership hierarchy. In addition, the three main steps of hunting, searching for prey, encircling prey, and attacking prey, are implemented. The algorithm is then benchmarked on 29 well-known test functions, and the results are verified by a comparative study with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Differential Evolution (DE), Evolutionary Programming (EP), and Evolution Strategy (ES). The results show that the GWO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results compared to these well-known meta-heuristics. The paper also considers solving three classical engineering design problems (tension/compression spring, welded beam, and pressure vessel designs) and presents a real application of the proposed method in the field of optical engineering. The results of the classical engineering design problems and real application prove that the proposed algorithm is applicable to challenging problems with unknown search spaces. Homepage: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965997813001853 Source Code: https://github.com/adajani/gwo Related Software: WOA; GSA; ABC; SSA; ALO; Krill herd; WCA; AOA; UCI-ml; CEC 13; Aquila optimizer; CEC 05; MPA; JADE; AHA; GBO; CMA-ES; Honey badger algorithm; SPEA2; KEEL Cited in: 114 Publications all top 5 Cited by 351 Authors 8 Zhou, Yongquan 7 Luo, Qifang 6 Chen, Huiling 4 Abd Elaziz, Mohamed 4 Abualigah, Laith 4 Hu, Gang 3 Khalilpourazari, Soheyl 3 Mirjalili, SeyedAli 3 Wang, Mingjing 2 Aydemir, Salih Berkan 2 Azizi, Mahdi 2 Darwish, Ashraf A. 2 Du, Bo 2 Ewees, Ahmed A. 2 Gandomi, Amir Hossein 2 Hassanien, Aboul Ella 2 Heidari, Ali Asghar 2 Ibrahim, Rehab Ali 2 Lu, Songfeng 2 Pasandideh, Seyed Hamid Reza 2 Qasim, Omar Saber 2 Sayed, Gehad Ismail 2 Yu, Caiyang 2 Zhang, Sen 2 Zhao, Xuehua 2 Zhou, Guo 1 Abbas, Muhammad Mohsin 1 Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali 1 Agushaka, Jeffrey O. 1 Ahmad, Mohd Ashraf 1 Ahmadianfar, Iman 1 Akgul, Akif 1 Akmese, Omer Faruk 1 Alaa, Noureddine 1 Alimoradi, Mahmoud 1 Almotairi, Khaled H. 1 Alsumaiti, Ameena Saad 1 Altalhi, Maryam 1 Alzubi, Ahmad 1 Aranguren, Itzel 1 Arzani, H. 1 Asghari, Ali 1 Atique, Faiza 1 Azgomi, Hossein 1 Aziz, Nor Azlina Ab. 1 Babayan, Narek 1 Bahgat, Gehan Ahmed 1 Bai, Yanping 1 Bajer, Dražen 1 Barraza, Juan 1 Ben Seghier, Mohamed El Amine 1 Bhargava, Annapurna 1 Bhasha, A. Valli 1 Bozorg Haddad, Omid 1 Bui, Tinh Quoc 1 Cai, Pengxing 1 Cai, Zhennao 1 Camacho-Villalón, Christian L. 1 Camarena, Octavio 1 Cao, Shilong 1 Carbone, Giuseppe 1 Castillo, Oscar 1 Chen, Chengcheng 1 Chen, Gang 1 Chen, Huadong 1 Chen, Weiyi 1 Choudhury, Nalin B. Dev 1 Chu, Shu-Chuan 1 Chu, Xuefeng 1 Cimen, Murat Erhan 1 Cuevas, Erik 1 Dai, Min 1 Das, Bikramaditya 1 David, Radu-Codruţ 1 De Vincenzo, Ilario 1 Deep, Kusum 1 Diabat, Ali H. 1 Ding, Song 1 Diveev, A. I. 1 Dong, Zuomin 1 Dorigo, Marco 1 Dou, Wanting 1 Doulabi, Hossein Hashemi 1 Dragan, Florin 1 Du, Yanlian 1 Düzenli, Timur 1 Ebrahimi, Seyed Babak 1 El-Abd, Mohammed 1 Emara, Hassan M. 1 Entesar, Ahmed 1 Ezugwu, Absalom E. 1 Fan, Wenjuan 1 Fathy, Ahmed 1 Fawzy, Abd-Allah 1 Feng, Siling 1 Fu, Zihao 1 Gao, Ming 1 Giannoccaro, Ilaria 1 Grigolini, Paolo 1 Gunasekaran, M. ...and 251 more Authors all top 5 Cited in 44 Serials 16 Applied Mathematical Modelling 15 Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 7 Information Sciences 7 Algorithms 6 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 5 International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 3 Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 3 Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 2 Acta Mechanica 2 Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2 Journal of Classification 2 Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2 Journal of Combinatorial Optimization 2 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2 Sādhanā 2 Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 2 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2 Journal of Optimization 1 Journal of the Franklin Institute 1 Physica A 1 Applied Mathematics and Computation 1 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 1 Optimization 1 Computers & Operations Research 1 Annals of Operations Research 1 International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering 1 Archives of Control Sciences 1 Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 1 Applied Mathematics. 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